The title of the Project: ИРН АР19676894 "Development of a soil-cultivating - sowing machine for grain crops in the precision farming system"
Relevance:
The idea of this project is to create an improved and affordable tillage - seeding machine for grain crops with inexpensive and easy-to-use machine control software in the system of precision agriculture, compatible with the ISOBUS terminal of the tractor, which provides high quality and allows simultaneously combining several work operations in one pass:
1) tillage, sowing and differentiated introduction of mineral fertilizers, leveling and rolling of the soil;
2) tillage of the soil, differentiated application of mineral fertilizers with a continuous tape, leveling and rolling of the soil;
3) processing, leveling and compaction of soil.
Purpose:
Development of a soil-cultivating - sowing machine for grain crops in the precision farming system provides high quality tillage, sowing and differentiated continuous application of mineral fertilizers, with reduced operating costs compared to foreign counterparts, in conditions of high prices for agricultural machinery.
Expected and achieved results:
Technical documentation has been prepared and a central seed-raising system has been manufactured and assembled, which consists of a fan with a hydraulic drive and mounting, an air flow divider, air ducts, fertilizer and seed metering units with electric drives, a material conduit connector, a horizontal material conduit, a distributor, and seed tubes.
Based on the basic scheme, consisting of three circuits: the fan drive hydraulic line, the lifting and lowering line for the side sections, and the line for adjusting the working depth, penetration, and transition to the transport position the hydraulic system of the machine under development is manufactured.
It is assembled from 2 hydraulic cylinders of the Ts100.40x200-1 brand on the central section, one hydraulic cylinder of the Ts100.40x200-1 brand on the side sections, 4 delay valves, 18 high-pressure hoses, 2 straight-through crosses, 4 reducing tees, 12 oil lines, 4 jumpers and 4 breakaway couplings.
The novelty of the design lies in the refined, rational dimensions of the press wheel assembly, which create optimal soil density in the area of seed and fertilizer placement. The novelty of the cultivator section lies in the parameters of the arrangement of the working components on the frame.
In accordance with GOST, laboratory and field tests of the developed a soil-cultivating and seeding machine for cereal crops in the precision farming system were carried out in the fields of LLP A. I. Barayev Scientific and Production Center for Grain Farming. The overall dimensions are: 13.6 meters in length, 6.2 meters in width, and 2.6 meters in height. The weight does not exceed 10 tons.
The results of the laboratory and field tests of the developed machine, assessing its agrotechnical, energy, and operational-technological performance, indicate its technical feasibility. In terms of technology readiness (TRL), it is at level six. A test report has been obtained..
Main design and technical-economic indicators
An analysis of the laboratory field tests showed that the actual seed sowing rate during seeder adjustment, with a set rate of 100 kg/ha, was 101.4 kg/ha. The sowing unevenness was 8.73%, the overall sowing instability was 0.61%, and seed breakage was 0.46%.
The actual fertilizer application rate during seeder adjustment, with a set rate of 60 kg/ha, was 62.1 kg/ha. The application unevenness was 13.37%, the overall instability was 0.49%, and seed breakage was 0.46%.
The minimum seeding depth was established at 42 mm, the optimal seeding depth at 56.7 mm, and the maximum depth at 82 mm. At the optimal seeding depth, the coefficient of variation was 8.2%. All obtained data are within the limits specified by agronomic requirements, GOST 26711-89, and the technical specifications.
The relative field germination of seeds was 94%, and the average number of seedlings on the experimental plot was 357 plants/m².
The working depth for the soil-tillage and seeding machine in the cultivator variant was 12 cm, with a standard deviation of 1.3 cm. The height of the ridges on the experimental plot was 3.9 cm, which is below the 4 cm specified in the technical specifications (TS). Stubble preservation was 87.22%, exceeding the 85% parameter indicated in the TS. The content of erosion-prone soil particles smaller than 1 mm in the 0–5 cm soil layer before passing the machine was 32%, and after the machine passed, it was 30%. The soil density at the depth of seed and fertilizer placement after the soil-tillage and seeding machine was 1.07 g/cm³, while according to the TS, it should be less than 1.3 g/cm³.
The degree of weed cutting during tests of the soil-tillage and seeding machine in the fallow cultivation mode was 100%, which is explained by the correct selection of the overlap of the working elements. The width of the main inter-row spacing of the soil-tillage and seeding machine was 310 cm.
The operational and technological evaluation of the machine showed that the productivity per hour was: 6.2 ha/h of main working time, 4.46 ha/h of operational time, and 4.34 ha/h of shift time. The specific fuel consumption per shift time was 6.31 kg/ha.
The operational and technological coefficients were determined as follows: working pass coefficient – 0.91, technological maintenance coefficient – 1, process reliability coefficient – 0.95, operational time utilization coefficient – 0.72, and shift time utilization coefficient – 0.7. The obtained values of the indicators are within the limits established by GOST 26711-89 and the technical specifications (TS).
The economic assessment of the developed soil-tillage and seeding machine was carried out in accordance with GOST 31345-2017 and GOST 34393-2018. The following initial data were used for the calculations: the book value of the base seeder – 47,640,500 KZT, the cost of the developed seeder – 39,148,614 KZT, crop yield in the field sown with the base seeder – 17.4 c/ha, crop yield in the field sown with the developed seeder – 18.3 c/ha, and the selling price of 1 ton of the product – 70,000 KZT. Both seeders were aggregated with a K-744 tractor and have the same working width.
As part of the research project, all points of the calendar plan have been completed:
- two articles included in the database of peer-reviewed scientific publications indexed in the Web of Science database and/or having a Cite Score percentile in the Scopus database of at least 35 (thirty-five) have been published:
- four articles have been published in domestic publications recommended by SHEQAC (Science and Higher Education Quality Assurance Committee) of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, three of them in addition to the plan;
- A patent was obtained, which was entered into the Derwent Innovations Index (Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics) database in March 2025
Within the framework of the project, 1 doctoral student was trained, 2 master's theses were defended, and three diploma projects were defended.
The year 2025
- articles were published in domestic journals recommended by SHEQAC (Science and Higher Education Quality Assurance Committee) of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan:
1. Aduov M.A., Nukusheva S.A., Kaspakov E.Zh., Volodya K. Development of tillage and seeding machines for organic farming adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Science Bulletin of the S.Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University. No. 2(125) (2025) (in Russian): DOI: 10.51452/kazatu.2025.2(125).1901
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/393297058_Razrabotka_pocvoobrabatyvause-posevnyh_masin_dla_organiceskogo_selskogo_hozajstva_adaptirovannyh_k_pocvenno-klimaticeskim_usloviam_Severnogo_Kazahstana. P.145-159.
2. A patent received in 2024 was included in the Derwent Innovations Index (Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics):
Inventors: Aduov M.A;, Nukusheva S.A. ; Kaspakov E.Z. ; Tulegenov T.K.; Isenov K.G.; Volodya K; Uteulov K.T.. Coulter for sowing seed and fertilizer at different depth of depth plant. Patent Assignee: UNIN KAZAAGAGROTECH STOCK CO (UKA-Non-stsndart). Indexed: 2025.03.20. Internazional Patent Classification: A01C-007/20 Parts of seeders for conducting and depositing seed. Dervent Class Code(s) : C04 (Fertilizers – including urea and phosphoric acid production. Also soil modifiers and plant growth media. Chemical aspects of compost production.) ;P11(Soll working, planting(A01B,C).).
Derwent Manual Code(s) C11-C03 DISPENSERS ;C14-T FERTILIZERS/SOIL IMPROVING GENERAL.
Patent Details Patent Number : KZ36760-B Publication Date : 20 Sep 2024 Main IPC : A01C-007/20 Week : 202513 Page Count :1 Language : RUS.
Application Details Patent Number : KZ36760-B Local Filing Number : KZ000183 Date 14 Mar 2023. https://www.webofscience.com/wos/diidw/full-record/DIIDW:202500944L
Project manager - Aduov M. A., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=56127310000
Members of the research group:
2. Chief Researcher-Saule Abaydildinovna Nukusheva, Candidate of Technical Sciences.
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?origin=AuthorProfile&authorId=56127577900&zone=
3. Leading researcher-Yesenaly Zhaksalykovich Kaspakov, Candidate of Technical Sciences, https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57194450434&eid=2-s2.0-85020206205
4. Senior Researcher-Kazbek Galymtaevich Isenov, PhD,
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?origin=AuthorProfile&authorId=57194449183&zone=
5. Senior Researcher-Volodya Kadirbek, PhD.
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?origin=AuthorProfile&authorId=57194443640&zone=
6. Senior researcher-Tulegenov Talgat Konysbaevich, PhD.
https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57216861903&eid=2-s2.0-85085028445
7. Design Engineer – Borisov Vladimir Valzhanovich, Kazakhselmash Corporation.
Information for potential users:
The annual savings in total costs for the developed machine amounted to 2,405,620.22 KZT, the reduction in the cost of performing operations was 15%, fuel and lubricants consumption decreased by 14.8%, and the payback period for capital investments was 8 years.
A 20% reduction in fuel and mineral fertilizer costs was achieved through differentiated application according to the agrochemical field fertility map.
Additional information:
The results of scientific and technical activities will be registered for further commercialization of the project.
